NCTF 135 HA Near Dormansland, Surrey

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Location and Geology

Nature of the Outcrop

The location of NCTF 135 HA near Dormansland, Surrey, is characterized by a complex geology that has shaped the area’s topography and outcrop formations.

The site falls within the Wealden Basin, a region of significant geological interest due to its unique combination of Mesozoic rocks. The dominant formation in this area is the Hastings Beds Group, which dates back to the Early Cretaceous period (c. 145-100 million years ago).

The Hastings Beds comprise a sequence of clay and sand deposits, interspersed with lignite layers, that formed during a period of coastal plain and riverine environments. These sediments have been extensively eroded over millions of years, leading to the exposure of various rock outcrops.

Visually, these exposed rocks reveal a range of formations, from fine-grained clays and silts to coarser sandstones and conglomerates. The outcrop patterns are further influenced by subsequent tectonic movements and weathering processes that have shaped the landscape.

The geology in this area has significant implications for the local ecosystem and biodiversity. The Wealden Basin is recognized as an Important Geological Site (IGS) due to its rich geological history, which has helped to shape the region’s flora and fauna.

Furthermore, the exposed rocks have been utilized as a source of aggregate materials in construction projects. However, it is essential to balance this economic activity with environmental concerns and conservation efforts to preserve the area’s unique geology and natural heritage for future generations.

The NCTF 135 HA site is located near Dormansland in Surrey, a region known for its rich geological history. The site itself features a prominent outcrop of Cretaceous chalk.

The site’s location near Dormansland in Surrey provides a unique opportunity to study the region’s rich geological history. The area is characterized by a complex geological structure, shaped by tectonic forces and weathering processes over millions of years.

One of the most striking features of the NCTF 135 HA site is its prominent outcrop of Cretaceous chalk. This type of rock is formed from the skeletal remains of marine organisms, such as plankton and algae, which have been compressed and cemented together over time. The Cretaceous period, which spanned from approximately 145 to 65 million years ago, was a time of significant sea-level changes and tectonic activity in this region.

The presence of Cretaceous chalk at the site suggests that it was once part of a much larger marine basin, which has since been uplifted and eroded. The chalk outcrop provides valuable information about the geological history of the area, including the types of rocks that formed during this period, their age, and the conditions under which they were deposited.

Geologists studying the NCTF 135 HA site can gain insights into various geological processes, such as sea-level changes, tectonic activity, and erosion. The site’s location in a region with a complex geological structure allows researchers to examine how different rock types interact and influence one another over time.

The Cretaceous chalk outcrop at the NCTF 135 HA site is an important feature that contributes to our understanding of the geological history of this region. Further research on this site could provide valuable information about the region’s geological evolution, as well as its potential for fossil discoveries and other geological features.

In conclusion, the NCTF 135 HA site near Dormansland in Surrey offers a unique opportunity for geologists to study the complex geological history of the area. The prominent outcrop of Cretaceous chalk provides valuable information about the region’s geological past and its ongoing geological processes.

Geological Significance

Stratigraphic Position

The geological significance of the NCTF 135 HA site near Dormansland, Surrey lies in its stratigraphic position and the exposure it provides to the Upper Cretaceous Wealden Group.

This group is a critical part of the British Geological Survey (BGS) 1:50,000 scale map sheets that cover the area, offering insights into the geological history of the region.

The site exposes a well-section through the Wealden Group’s Hastings Sand Formation and the associated Weald Clay Formation. The latter is particularly significant due to its fossil content, including ammonites, bivalves, and plant remains that provide crucial biostratigraphic markers.

The NCTF 135 HA site represents a key stratigraphic reference for the Early Cretaceous (Berriasian to Albian stages) in southern England. This time period is characterized by significant tectonic activity and changes in climate, reflected in the deposition of diverse sediments such as sandstones, clays, and limestones.

From a lithostratigraphic perspective, the site is notable for the exposure of a contact zone between the Wealden Group’s Hastings Sand Formation and the underlying Lower Greensand Formation. This boundary is critical in understanding the transition from marine to terrestrial environments during the Early Cretaceous period.

The NCTF 135 HA site provides an opportunity for field observations, sampling, and analysis of the stratigraphic relationships between different formations within the Wealden Group. This information can be used to better understand the regional geological history, including tectonic uplift, erosion, and deposition processes that have shaped the area over millions of years.

The Cretaceous period saw the deposition of large amounts of marine sediments, including chalk in this area. This particular outcrop is situated within the Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation.

The Geological Significance of this outcrop at NCTF 135 HA near Dormansland, Surrey, is rooted in the rich geological history of the area.

The Cretaceous period, which spanned from approximately 145 to 65 million years ago, was a time of significant tectonic and climatic change on Earth. One of the most notable geological events during this period was the deposition of large amounts of marine sediments in various parts of the world, including the area surrounding NCTF 135 HA.

The Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation, within which this outcrop is situated, dates back to the Early Cretaceous period. This formation is composed primarily of sandstone, but also contains significant amounts of other minerals and sediments. The presence of these sediments provides valuable insights into the geological history of the area and the conditions that existed during the time of deposition.

The chalk deposits found in this area are a key component of the geological significance of NCTF 135 HA. Chalk is formed from the accumulation of microscopic marine plankton, specifically the remains of coccolithophores and foraminifera. The presence of these microfossils within the chalk allows scientists to reconstruct the paleoceanographic conditions that existed during the time of deposition.

The Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation has undergone various phases of uplift, erosion, and redeposition over millions of years. This complex geological history is evident in the outcrop’s unique composition and structure. The presence of multiple sedimentary layers, including sandstone and chalk, provides valuable information about the tectonic and climatic conditions that existed during different periods of the Earth’s history.

The study of the geology of NCTF 135 HA near Dormansland, Surrey, has significant implications for our understanding of the regional geological history. The area is considered a key location for studying the Cretaceous period, and the outcrop at NCTF 135 HA provides valuable information about the tectonic and climatic conditions that existed during this time.

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Main Geological Features of the Area:

• Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation: A sandstone formation dating back to the Early Cretaceous period, containing significant amounts of other minerals and sediments.

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• Chalk Deposits: Formed from the accumulation of microscopic marine plankton, including coccolithophores and foraminifera.

• Multiple Sedimentary Layers: The outcrop’s unique composition and structure reflect the complex geological history of the area, including phases of uplift, erosion, and redeposition.

Fossil Record

Species Presence

The fossil record provides a crucial tool for scientists to understand the evolution and presence of species throughout Earth’s history. At the NCTF 135 HA site in Dormansland, Surrey, excavations have uncovered a rich and diverse array of fossils that shed light on the region’s geological past.

The site is of particular interest due to its unique stratigraphy, which offers a well-preserved sequence of rock layers spanning from the early Pleistocene epoch (approximately 2.5 million years ago) to the present day.

One of the key aspects of the fossil record at NCTF 135 HA is the presence of numerous mammalian species, including large carnivores such as wolves and lions. The remains of these animals provide valuable insights into the ecosystem dynamics of the region during the Pleistocene era.

Fossil evidence suggests that the area was once a diverse habitat supporting a wide range of wildlife, including mammoths, bison, and horses. These large herbivores would have played a crucial role in shaping the local vegetation and influencing the evolution of other species within the ecosystem.

Other fossils found at the site include those of smaller animals such as rodents, insects, and reptiles. The presence of these species indicates that the NCTF 135 HA site was not isolated from other environments during the Pleistocene era, but rather formed part of a larger ecological network.

The fossil record at NCTF 135 HA also provides clues about the impact of climate change on local ecosystems. Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns would have influenced the distribution and abundance of species within the region, shaping the evolution of the ecosystem over time.

Moreover, the site has yielded important information about human presence in the area during the Pleistocene era. Archaeological evidence suggests that early humans exploited the local resources for food and other essential materials, highlighting the complex relationships between humans and their environment during this period.

The rich and diverse fossil record at NCTF 135 HA has significantly contributed to our understanding of the region’s geological history and its significance within the broader context of human evolution and environmental change. Further research at the site will undoubtedly continue to provide new insights into these fascinating topics, shedding light on the complex and dynamic processes that have shaped life on Earth.

Fossils found at NCTF 135 HA include those from sea creatures and plants that lived during the Early Cretaceous period, approximately 140 million years ago.

The fossil record found at NCTF 135 HA provides valuable insights into the ancient ecosystem that once thrived in this area during the Early Cretaceous period, approximately 140 million years ago.

During this time, the Earth’s climate and geography were vastly different from what we see today. The supercontinent of Gondwana had not yet begun to break apart, and the continents as we know them were still in their formative stages.

The Early Cretaceous period was a time of great upheaval, with massive volcanic eruptions, changes in sea levels, and shifting climates all contributing to the creation of diverse ecosystems.

Fossils found at NCTF 135 HA include those from sea creatures such as ammonites, belemnites, and plesiosaurs, which roamed the oceans during this period. These fossils provide a window into the lives of ancient marine animals and help scientists to reconstruct the ocean’s ecosystems.

Plants that lived during the Early Cretaceous period also left behind fossil evidence at NCTF 135 HA. Fossilized tree trunks, ferns, and seed ferns have been discovered, offering insights into the types of vegetation that dominated the landscape during this time.

The discovery of plant fossils suggests that the area was once a forest or woodland, with tall trees and dense undergrowth providing habitat for a diverse array of animals. The presence of ferns and other herbaceous plants indicates that the climate was likely humid and temperate, with ample rainfall to support such vegetation.

The combination of sea creature and plant fossils found at NCTF 135 HA provides a rich dataset for scientists to study the Earth’s history during the Early Cretaceous period. By analyzing these fossils in detail, researchers can gain insights into the evolution of life on Earth, the formation of ecosystems, and the impact of geological events on the planet’s climate.